> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://training.gitbook.io/python-documents/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://training.gitbook.io/python-documents/type-casting-in-python.md). # Type Casting In Python ![](/files/DaB1wqRNwbCFPW0R8IS5) ## What is Type-Casting? Type Casting is the method to convert the variable data type into a certain data type in order to the operation required to be performed by users. In more simple terms, type casting means converting operand's data type to another data type. ## Functions used for Type-Casting There are 4 important Functions used for Data Type Conversion: * int() - int() converts any data type to integer data type. * float() - float() converts any data to float data type. * str() - str() converts any data type to string data type * bool() - bool() converts any data type to boolean data type ## int(): Converting any Data Type to integer data type **Converting float value in integer:** In \[13]: ``` float_var = 2.5 int_var = int(float_var) print(int_var) print(type(int_var)) ``` ``` 2 ``` **Converting boolean value in integer:** In \[2]: ``` bool_var = True int_var = int(bool_var) print(int_var) ``` ``` 1 ``` In \[3]: ``` bool_var = False int_var = int(bool_var) print(int_var) ``` ``` 0 ``` **Note:**Converting boolean value into integer will give 1 if boolean is True and 0 if false. In more simpler terms True means 1 and False means 0. **Converting string value in integer:** **Note:**String can only be converted in integer , if it is possible mathematically or if the string is a number. This means that string "ConsoleFlare" can not be converted to integer data type as it is not possible, but string "123" can be converted to 123.See Below: **Characters as a String: Will not convert** In \[4]: ``` string_var = "ConsoleFlare" int_var = int(string_var) print(int_var) ``` ``` --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) in 1 string_var = "ConsoleFlare" ----> 2 int_var = int(string_var) 3 print(int_var) ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'ConsoleFlare' ``` **Integer as a String: Will convert** In \[5]: ``` string_var = "123" int_var = int(string_var) print(int_var) ``` ``` 123 ``` ## float(): Converting any Data Type to float data type **Converting integer data type in float:** In \[6]: ``` int_var = 2 float_var = float(int_var) print(float_var) ``` ``` 2.0 ``` **Converting boolean data type in float:** In \[8]: ``` int_var = False float_var = float(int_var) print(float_var) ``` ``` 0.0 ``` **Converting String data type in float:** **Note:**String can only be converted in float , if it is possible mathematically or if the string is a number. This means that string "ConsoleFlare" can not be converted to integer data type as it is not possible, but string "123.5" can be converted to 123.5.See Below:In \[14]: ``` string_var = "123.5" float_var = float(string_var) print(float_var) print(type(float_var)) ``` ``` 123.5 ``` **Note:**Can we convert a String Float (float number in string) in integer data type directly?In \[15]: ``` string_var = "123.5" int_var = int(string_var) print(int_var) ``` ``` --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) in 1 string_var = "123.5" ----> 2 int_var = int(string_var) 3 print(int_var) ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '123.5' ``` This will give an error, We cannot convert String float Directly into an integer data type. But there is a WorkAround that we can follow. * Convert string float to float data type. * Convert the float value to integer. In \[16]: ``` string_var = "123.5" float_var = float(string_var) int_var = int(float_var) print(int_var) ``` ``` 123 ``` ## str(): Converting any Data Type to string data type **Note:**str() can convert data type of any variables or values to string data type with no obstacles and no workaround needed.In \[17]: ``` int_var = 4 string_var = str(int_var) print(string_var) print(type(string_var)) ``` ``` 4 ``` ## bool(): Converting any Data Type to boolean data type To Convert Data type of a particular operand in boolean , we must know what that particular value represents , does it represent 0(False) or 1(True). While converting any value in boolean , outcome will be either non-zero value which is True or zero-value which is false. Zero-Values: Zero-values are the values that is equal to nothing or 0. Because 0 in its total sense is nothing. Zero-values: 0 , "" , '','''''' and more where the value is nothing. Non Zero-Values: Non Zero-values are the values that is not equal nothing. Any value that is not zero or nothing is Non-Zero Value. Non - Zero-values: "0",123,123.5," "(there is a space between quotes), "12321","ConsoleFlare" ## Converting Zero Values to boolean gives False: In \[18]: ``` value = 0 bool_value = bool(value) print(bool_value) ``` ``` False ``` In \[19]: ``` value = "" bool_value = bool(value) print(bool_value) ``` ``` False ``` In \[20]: ``` value = '''''' bool_value = bool(value) print(bool_value) ``` ``` False ``` ## Converting Non Zero Values to boolean gives True: In \[21]: ``` value = " " bool_value = bool(value) print(bool_value) ``` ``` True ``` In \[22]: ``` value = "ConsoleFlare" bool_value = bool(value) print(bool_value) ``` ``` True ``` In \[23]: ``` value = 123 bool_value = bool(value) print(bool_value) ``` ``` True ``` In \[ ]: ``` value = "0" bool_value = bool(value) print(bool_value) ``` **Note:**You must have seen in examples that converting 0 (integer type) gives False, but converting "0" gives True. It's because string type 0 is not equal to 0. ## Why do we use Type Casting ? Sometimes we need to do a particular operation on values but their data type does not allow us to perform such operations, in that case we need to convert its data type to perform desired operation. ![](/files/A0QSy1UrJ3SPVJM2XQeM)